The deep dielectric chargingeffect in polymeric materials is one of the most important factors threatening the satellite's life in space environment.
空间辐射环境下聚合物绝缘材料的深层充放电效应是威胁航天器安全的重要因素之一。
2
This policy had already had the effect of making interest rates negative, in the very practical sense that UBS was charging institutional customers who held excess deposits in their accounts.