Chinese banks have taken bold steps to reduce charges of online banking services following Citibank's new policy that allows free of charge domestic RMB transfers via personal online banking.

Then in 2002 a European Union regulation forced them to charge no more for cross-border transfers within the euro area of up to euro12,500 than they did for domestic ones.

Structural features, binding energies, vertical ionization potentials, vertical electron affinity, charge transfers, and binding characters were evaluated for each au-ni binary cluster.