Based on the free charge transfer model the expression of the charge transfer efficiency in CCD is obtained, and the software for improving the charge transfer efficiency in CCD is programmed.

In order to improve both charge current and transfer efficiency via a lower coupling coefficient inductive link, class E power amplifier based on primary leakage inductance and compensat.

We find that the surface area of carbon electrodes has markedly influences on the charge transfer resistance, the efficiency of catalytic process of I3 - ions, and the energy conversion efficiency.