BACKGROUND: -transcatheter aortic valve implantation is an alternative to open heart surgery in patients with aortic stenosis.
背景：除了心内直视手术，经导管主动脉瓣植入术是主动脉狭窄患者的替代治疗方案。
2
Objective: to evaluate the application of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in monitoring deep aortic cannulation in open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass.
目的：探讨术中经食管超声心动图对心脏病手术中体外循环主动脉深插管的监测价值。
3
Jana Pausa, 76, of Atherton, Calif., who had both severe aortic stenosis and lung disease that made her unsuitable for open-heart surgery to replace the diseased heart valve, is one such patient.
Jana Pausa, 76岁，加利福尼亚州阿瑟顿人，有严重主动脉瓣狭窄和使她不适合开心手术置换病损心脏瓣膜的肺部疾病，是一个这样的病例。