A method of making Fresnel encrypted dot matrix holograms is presented on the basis of the diffraction theory of binary amplitude diffractogram.

Thirdly, we quantify the power penalty caused by the PMD in optical subcarrier multiplexing (OSCM) system with amplitude shift keying (ASK) and binary phase shift keying (BPSK).

The series density formulae of the binary phase grating are obtained from the general complex amplitude transmittance formulae through Fourier integral.