Understanding these sandbars is critical to study of beach erosion and climate-related sea level rise, but the surf zone is a notoriously hostile research environment.

Other CT findings include bone erosion and destruction, an enhancing soft-tissue mass, and a sharp zone of transition to normal tissue. MR imaging is optimal for depicting areas of tumor involvement.

The larger tension stress in the hydraulic turbine blades, grain coarsening in the heat-affected zone and the causticity of fluid medium are the major causes of cavitation erosion.