Conclusion ASD is characterized by the overload of right ventricular volume. CDUS has high accuracy for diagnosing ASD and it should be a first selective means.

Perioperative hypotension, anemia, hypoxemia, and hypothermia aggravated the patient's ischemia and volume overload, leading to ventricular fibrillation and PMI.

AIM: To establish the experimental acute pulmonary embolism (APE) model and observe the left and right ventricular pressure-volume relationship in different overload situations.