Friction loss factors of hydraulically smooth pipes have been calculated by using several different turbulent models.
应用几种不同的湍流模型，模拟计算水力光滑管的沿程阻力系数。
2
Structures of the skin friction lines (SFL) appearing on a prolate spheroid in laminar and turbulent flows were investigated and compared by using an improved oil-flow visualization technique.
用改进的油流显示法研究和对比了层流和湍流状态下绕椭球流动的表面摩擦力线结构。
3
Because of the complexity of turbulent flow, it is a tough issue to determine its friction factor.