As the machine advances, more tunnelliner is pushed from the entrance.
因此，设备的前进速度是由入口处管道顶进速度决定的。
2
Its not an ignoral problem that the effect of large temperature difference change on stress of tunnelliner during design and calculation of tunnel.
大温差变化对隧道衬砌受力的影响是隧道计算与设计中的一个问题。
3
Cracks of different levels exists in hydraulic tunnel concrete liner. The prevention of liner concrete cracking at tailwater tunnels and measures on different levels cracking are discussed in detail.