A typical pack might have a stack of 96 batteries, developing a total voltage in excess of 400v for Li-ion batteries charged to 4.2v.

The low-voltage relay and the excess voltage relay are integrated into one relay, which can display the real time of the voltage of the circuit and the limit of voltage can be modified.

For a differential voltage in excess of 100 volts, a three-cell gap is preferred. A one-cell gap is sufficient for all systems if diodes are used to prevent feedback.