SINCE the barbaric "breakingwheel" was replaced by the guillotine in 18th-century France, methods of execution have increasingly sought to end life speedily rather than inflict long agony.
自从18世纪法国人用断头台代替了野蛮的“碎肉轮”以后，死刑就不再是一种长时间的痛苦折磨。
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Breaking on the wheel was a form of torturous execution formerly in use in France, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Romania, Russia, the us, and other countries.