So the dilemma facing pregnant women is that there is a small but quantifiable risk associated with infection and an unknown but probably only very small risk associated with the vaccine.

This means countries should consider putting in place a monitoring system for possible vaccine associated meningitis and manage the patients appropriately.

GACVS was informed of the programme's decision to stop oral polio vaccine use after certification of eradication in light of the adverse effects associated with its long-term use.