Precisely because evil so often goes unpunished in this world, he asserts, the moral code must reflect another reality, in which souls are judged, punished, or rewarded after death.

The notion of dolls possessing souls of their own was a theme that came to be explored in the world of puppet theater, the first references to which also date from Heian times.

Though it does seem, from this dualist perspective, as though souls are located, I'm sort of viewing the world from here.