Two other developments presaged the end of the era of turnpikes and started a transportationrevolution that resulted in increased regional specialization and the growth of a national market economy.
However, the arrival of the steam engine initiated a complete transformation in rail transportation, entrenching and expanding the Industrial Revolution.
然而，蒸汽机的出现引发了铁路运输的彻底变革，并巩固和拓展了工业革命的成果。
3
Historians suggest that the advent of mass tourism began in England during the industrial revolution with the rise of the middle class and the availability of relatively inexpensive transportation.