Mr. Lapid is a potential Netanyahu ally, but has made opposition to government entitlements for the ultraorthodox one of his signature issues.

WSJ: Israel Vote Weakens Premier

In the U.S., the Yemeni refugees are being settled in Monsey, a suburban enclave of ultraorthodox Jews, lined with strip malls that sell black coats and wide-rimmed hats worn by Hasidic men.

WSJ: Secret Mission Rescues Yemen's Jews

Since the fall of Ben Ali, there has been a rise not just in moderate Islamist groups but also hardline ultraorthodox Muslims known as salafis, who have railed against what they call the secular elements of a country long known for its progressive attitudes, especially concerning women's rights.

NPR: Jihadi Peril Makes Its Way To Tunisia