Against that, Unionist politicians pose two arguments: that oil revenues are volatile and that the broader tax base of the UK permits greater resilience against short-term shocks such as sharp increases in unemployment and, therefore, benefits.

BBC: Deficit, growth and prospects

The government said its draft Water Bill would build resilience into the UK's water infrastructure.

BBC: UK water resources 'left to weather's mercy'

Because Heathrow is the UK's only hub airport, it has shown some resilience in the downturn, as passengers continued to fly into the airport before connecting to other destinations.

BBC: Heathrow enjoys passenger pick-up