Payments to the contractors, each of which probably requires its own transaction in the accounts, call for a certification of work completed and the payment made.
付款给承包方需要已完成工作和已付款的确认证明，每个承包方都需要在会计账务中反映自己的交易。
2
If electronic signature is supposed to guard the transaction technically, then electronic certification is organizational support based on such a technical support.
如果说电子签名是对交易安全的技术保障，那么电子认证则是建立在这种技术保障上的组织保障。
3
From such aspects as transaction process, topology framework, security certification process, settlement route, it points out problems of the present third party online payment mode.