The local phase distribution characteristics of oil and water two-phase flow through a vertical upward pipe are studied experimentally using a double-sensor conductivity probe.

Based on minimal fuel principle, the switching curve of ignition is confirmed by using optimization theory, and a braking scheme is designed for the process of the lunar probe vertical soft landing.

Chapter three deep to probe into and narrate from novel form vertical to analyse novel essential of "level say", Inganden and Baiter is the model of this kind of theory.