We also consider the effect of vortex decay over time caused by the viscidity of atmosphere in our vortex model in estimating the vortex effect experienced during the close proximity formation flight.

Based on photoemission effect. we design a laser photoemission electron gun for electron impact ionization source of time of flight mass spectrometer.

In the simulating environment, experimental research was done for measuring time-of-flight of the sound waves in the boiler which have major effect on the temperature-measurement precision.