Or electricity. In the early 1900s, after the standardization to alternating current distribution, hundreds of small electric utilities were consolidated into huge holding companies.

With the alternating current that flows through the power distribution system, the superconducting cables do suffer some losses of energy.

As early as the end of 19th century, people had discovered the distortion problem of voltage and current existing in the distribution system when the alternating current arisen as a newly motive form.