You've got to put more pressure on one side than the other if you want to push that gas through the throttle, right? So this is where the time scale issue comes into play.

The results show that the error of estimated value of both throttle position sensor and manifold pressure sensor are less than 10%, and the strategy put forward in this paper is valid.

Throttle body made from high temperature and high pressure liquid into the evaporator of refrigeration.