In the traditional period, the patrimonial bureaucracy empire implemented simple administrative supervision because of the limit of government cost and technique.
传统时期,出于统治成本的考虑和统治技术的限制,家产官僚帝国实行的是粗放式的行政管理。
3
Use of vegetable graft technique, administrativetechnique of graft cultivation, physiology and mechanism of graft were reviewed.