The Lorentz transfer of time coordinates is the sum of two times, one related to time expansion and the other to the relativity of photon's flight time from the radiant to the receiver.

He points out that climate data obtained from slow-growing corals around the Pacific indicate a series of unusually frequent El Ninos around the time of the Lapita expansion.

Global expansion through acquisition is usually expensive, and expansion through internal growth is time-consuming and sometimes impossible in markets that are not actively growing.