If the dose of radiation exceeds a certain threshold level, then it can produce acute effects, such as skin redness, hair loss, radiation burns, and acute radiation syndrome (ARS1).
The experts concluded that a tolerable intake could be established for dioxins on the basis of the assumption that there is a threshold for all effects, including cancer.
The effects of DBR reflectivity and well Numbers on threshold current and output power of bottom-emitting VCSELs were analyzed to design an optimal device structure.