In the activation treatment on the surface of substrate, the plating metal ions was catalyzed reduction metal coating process of formation.
在经活化处理的基体表面上，镀液中金属离子被催化还原形成金属镀层的过程。
2
Prolonged activation of the insulin receptor, inflammation, and excessive insulin levels can induce insulin resistance by decreasing levels of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins.
The potential-time curves under constant current and cyclic voltammetry curves were measured, and the potential activation process of copper plating on iron substrate in cyanide electrolyte was shown.