Using the mass dynamic substitution concept, the complete balancing of shaking force and shaking moment of closed loop spatial linkages may be reduced to that of open loop spatial kinematic chains.
Such endeavor promoted the substitution of the traditional and unidirectional linear economy for the material closed-loop flow circulation economy having material circulation utilization as its core.
这种努力促使以物料循环利用为核心、物质闭环流动型的循环经济，取代传统的、物质单向流动的线性经济。
3
According to the principle of substitution of the generalized kinematic pair, mobility of the complex loop mechanism composed by multiple sub — chain was studied.