In a 2013 study, Kent Kiehl of the University of New Mexico, looking at a population of 96 male offenders in the state's prison system, found that in the four years after their release, those with low activity in the anterior cingulate cortex a brain area involved in regulating behavior were twice as likely to commit another offense as those who had high activity in this region.

WSJ: Neurocriminology: Inside the Criminal Mind