However, the shortage from educators 'view on nature of science, which is very important for practice, resulted in the target deviation during the process of the curriculum implementation.

Firstly, the local gray mean feature and local standard deviation feature were utilized to realize target modeling based on the low SNR characteristic of ir images.

However, past research tends to analyze a translation by locating it in the target cultural system and recognizes deviation in translation as indication of the translator's subjectivity.