This can be restated as follows: the program should operate the same, irrespective of its source of input (a file, a pipe, or the terminal) and of its output destination.

The artificial neural network method was used to anticipate the terminal temperature of the heat pipe network, and the diagnosis can accord to the anticipation result.

The relation between out put of simulated pump and heart, and the relation between terminal impedance of model pipe and of equivalent artery have been formulated.