Parameter estimation as minimization - intro to method of least squares, introduction to probability theory, conditional and joint probabilities, statistical independence.
以最小化问题估算参数-最小平方法介绍，机率论介绍，条件机率及联合机率，统计无关。
2
Using the stochastic analysis theory, the measurement models of the default probabilities of the emerging technology enterprises have been built up.
运用随机过程理论，建立了一类新兴技术企业违约概率的度量模型。
3
Random phenomena are the object of study of probability theory and mathematical statistics, and random matters and their probabilities are the basis of probability theory and mathematical statistics.