Plate movements are the surface expressions of motions in the mantle—the thick shell of rock that lies between Earth's crust and its metallic core.
板块运动是地幔运动的表面现象。地幔是位于地壳和金属内核之间的一层厚厚的岩石壳。
2
Canadian geophysicist Tuzo Wilson realized that this age progression could result if the islands were formed on a surfaceplate moving over a fixed volcanic source in the interior.
加拿大地球物理学家 Tuzo Wilson 意识到，如果一块在内部固定火山源上移动的表面板块形成了岛屿，就会导致岛屿年龄增加。
3
The surface mark of an established plume is a hot spot—an isolated region of volcanoes and uplifted terrain located far from the edge of a surfaceplate.