This paper tries to explore the existence utilitarian spirit of piety morality before Qin Dynasty through it's surfacephenomena.
本文试图透过先秦孝道之表象,探求其蕴含的生存功利精神。
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Surfacephenomena are ubiquitous in the natural world, from everyday life to the industrial and agricultural production. The origin of all surfacephenomena was the surface tension.