Using the interpolation models for both singular crack tip elements and other crack linear elements, the boundary element formulas of the torsion rigidity and stress intensity factors were given.
利用裂纹尖端的奇异元和线性元插值模型，给出了扭转刚度和应力强度因子的边界元计算公式。
2
The formulation of the element considers the coupling effects between in-plane bending and torsion as well as transverse shear effects for the stiffeners.
在该单元构造过程中，考虑了肋骨弯曲、扭转、面内剪切和横向剪切变形的影响；
3
Based on the space beam element analytical model, a new thin-walled beam element model considering the restrained torsion was derived in this paper.