Conductivity varies with grain size of GDC films due to the grain boundaryspace charge effect, the smaller the grain size, the higher the conductivity and vice versa.
晶界空间电荷效应导致GD C薄膜电导率随晶粒尺寸而变化，晶粒尺寸越小，电导率越大。
2
The boundary between the two areas acts as a wall, capable of reflecting a guided EM wave on the graphene much like one would in a three dimensional space.
两个区域的边界就像是一堵墙，能反射被引导的电磁波； 这和三维空间中的墙是类似的。
3
The heliopause was expected to be a rather sharp boundary between the sun's domain and interstellar space.