The artificial leaf — a silicon solar cell with different catalytic materials bonded onto its two sides — needs no external wires or control circuits to operate.

Several cylindrical castings with different modulus and size of riser necks cast in furan bonded silicon sand molds are examined and analyzed numerically.

A systematic study of doping rare earths into the silicon nitride bonded silicon carbide material had done. The results of X-ray diffraction and mechanics properties testing were obtained.