AIM: To observe the effect of hybrid subgingivalscaling (combining ultrasonic scaling with hand scaling) by SEM.
目的：超声龈下刮治结合手工刮治，用扫描电镜的方法观察效果。
2
After years of practice, it was confirmed that subgingivalscaling was an effective non-surgical periodontal therapy. In early, subgingival sealing was practiced with manual sealing.
经过多年的实践证实龈下刮治是一种有效的牙周非手术治疗方法，早期的龈下刮治主要是用手工刮治器。
3
Objective: To study the effect on the root surfaces and the work efficacy following ultrasonic subgingivalscaling with different output power and different parts of work tip.