No relation of all this to fractals is known, but in my work I've found that they do have a common property, that is, a non-integer dimension (at some scale).
During map generalization, spatial relation conflicts will be caused by the change of the scale and various kinds of generalization operators.
在地图综合的过程中，比例尺的变化以及各种综合算子都可能导致目标产生空间关系冲突。
3
Returns to scale changes must change with proportion to input, however, the economies of scale only requires the relation among the enlargement of the comparative scale and unit cost.