The seismicdisaster mechanism in cities is that the earthquakes result in direct consequences, original disasters, induced disasters and secondary disasters.
城市地震灾害的成灾机制是地震造成的直接后果、原生灾害、诱发灾害和次生灾害。
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Earthquake disaster and their secondarydisaster do enormous economic losses and casualties to human beings, and seismic design of building structures is an active measure.
On the basis of analysis for earthquake disaster and secondarydisaster risks and for seismic reliability of system several kinds of empirical methods for losses assessment are proposed.