Based on the delay-coordinate reconstruction and bilinear expressions in the phase space of a chaotic system, a bilinear adaptive filter was designed to predict low-dimensional chaotic time series.

This paper presents a hybrid model for urban arterial travel time prediction based on the so-called state space neural networks (SSNN) and the extended Kalman Filter (EKF).

For AEW radar, a new space time adaptive filter with recursive algorithm has been proposed.