Except as otherwise stipulated by laws and administrative rules and regulations, the administrative reconsideration shall apply a single-levelsystem of reconsideration.
除法律、行政法规另有规定的外，行政复议实行一级复议制。
2
Article 5. Except as otherwise stipulated by laws and administrative rules and regulations, the administrative reconsideration shall apply a single-levelsystem of reconsideration.
第五条除法律、行政法规另有规定的外，行政复议实行一级复议制。
3
At the highest level of abstraction, we can view the system as a single entity (complex whole), or black box.