Short selling rules were stepped up, and more procedures were put in place to ensure that a shortseller would be able to deliver stock on settlement date.
上调卖空规则，设立更多程序以确保卖空者在结算日能交付股票。
2
Sometimes they can disrupt the smooth flow of markets. The main risk is that when the time comes for the shortseller to deliver shares, he cannot come up with the goods.
他们往往会打乱正常的市场流通，而主要的风险的在于，当卖空者需要结算股票的时候，他们却无货可出。
3
So if there is a default, the issuer of the credit default swap pays you, and so you gain just as the shortseller gains when the price of the stock or bond that he's shorted falls.