Japanese Banks posted aggregatelosses for ten consecutive years from 1993, and after a brief return to profitability they slumped back into losses in 2008.
What are the aggregate acceptable losses over a period of time such as one year?
一段时间内，比如一年内，可控亏损的总额是多少？
3
The happy secret of Western banking is that the system in aggregate now has lots of capital (see chart) relative to the net losses experienced over the crisis.