Among expenditure taxes, a flat tax-rate on final goods is less distortive than a panoply of excise taxes since it affects spending decisions less.
对于支出税来说，对最终商品平均征税要比多次征收消费税更好，这是因为它对于消费决定的影响更小。
2
The Thermic Effect of food is defined as: the increment in energy expenditure above resting metabolic rate due to the cost of processing food for storage and use.
食物热效应的定义是：机体摄入食物过程中，机体能量代谢比基础代谢增高的部分。
3
Housing related expenses amongst which interest rate payments are an important part of households overall expenditure.