"This is the first time that a cosmetic product has been tested head-to-head against a drug product over a long period of time and they've shown parity," says Mandy. "This is pretty landmark stuff."

A variable step uniform quantization(VSUQ) sum-product algorithm(SPA) was developed to reduce the hardware complexity of low-density parity-check(LDPC) code decoding.

Among the countries around the world, UK ranks sixth in highest Gross Domestic Product and purchasing power parity.