It is a governance decision to determine which artifacts require formal lifecycle process modeling and governance, and which ones will be subject to informal or "AD hoc" management.
治理决策来确定那些工件需要正式的生命周期过程建模和治理，那些将受到非正式的或“特别”的管理。
2
Initial: At this level, the software process is characterized as AD hoc and chaotic.
初始化：在此级别，软件流程的特点是专用性较强，比较混乱。
3
The submission process itself can be ad hoc, perhaps involving a variety of mechanisms, including paper or electronic forms, voice-activated systems, or FAXes.