The study indicates that main types of damage to the coupler are adhesive damage and abrasiondamage.
研究表明，车钩磨损的主要形式是粘着磨损以及伴随粘着磨损而产生的磨粒磨损。
2
Abrasion Marks: Scratches on film caused by dirt, improper handling, grit, emulsion pile-ups, and certain types of film damage (e. g., torn perforations).
刮痕：由污物、不正确的处理、砂砾、乳剂堆积和特定类型的胶片损伤导致的胶片刮伤(例如：齿孔磨损)。
3
Cable, is checked whether or not cracking, abrasion and other phenomena, if the damage should be reversed to prevent leakage.