Civil libertarians note that the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution says people have the right to be free from "unreasonable searches and seizures, " a clause from which courts have derived people's right to privacy.

CNN: State DNA laws help fight crime, but critics cite privacy concerns

Although a clause in the 1999 law that set Juki Net up called on the government to submit a broad privacy bill before it could become active, officials point out that the same law placed restrictions on the system it created: the data cannot be shared with (non-governmental) third parties or used for purposes that are not already specified.

ECONOMIST: Japan