She said McKinnon's hacking activities "were not random experiments in computer hacking, but a deliberate effort to breach US defence systems at a critical time which caused well-documented damage.

In early ganzfeld experiments, the telepathy test involved identification of a picture chosen from a random selection of four taken from a large image bank.

Milgram conducted experiments by sending letters to random acquaintances, asking them to pass the letter on through their friends to an unknown person.