Local governments are weak, and even private schools are regulated in the fees they can charge, creating what some see as a disincentive to quality.

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Such fees are regulated in dozens of countries, including France, Germany, Brazil and Mexico, but not in the U.S., where they are more than twice as high as in Europe.

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Another 3% of the workers' pay is kept back to pay the management fees, which are regulated, and to finance a disability insurance fund for the system as a whole.

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