As a spectroscopical element, grating has been widely introduced into numerous areas such as spectrometer, DVD, laser, telescope, grating polarizationapparatus.
光栅作为一种分光元件，广泛应用于光谱仪、DVD、激光器、望远镜、光栅偏振器等诸多领域。
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Ferroelectric fatigue is much fatal for the electric apparatus based on the switchable polarization, such as non-volatile random access memories (NVFRAM).